Whether you’re managing a business or working as an employee in Turkey, understanding employee rights is essential.
In this guide, we break down the key aspects of employee rights in Turkey to help you navigate the local labor landscape with confidence and clarity. Turkey’s employment laws are designed to protect workers and ensure fair and ethical workplace practices. From working hours and wages to leave policies and job security, the law outlines clear rights and responsibilities that both employers and employees need to follow.
1. The Legal Backbone of Employee Rights in Turkey
Employee rights in Turkey are primarily governed by several important laws, including:
- Labor Law No. 4857 – Covers employment contracts, work hours, and termination.
- Social Security and General Health Insurance Law No. 5510 – Covers healthcare and social benefits.
- Occupational Health and Safety Law No. 6331 – Sets out workplace safety standards.
- Trade Union and Collective Bargaining Law No. 6356 – Protects the right to unionize and bargain collectively.
Employers must adhere to these regulations not just to stay compliant but also to create a fair and productive workplace.
2. Employment Contracts: What Should Be in Writing?
Types of Contracts:
- Open-ended contracts (indefinite-term): Most common and used for permanent roles.
- Fixed-term contracts: Suitable for temporary or project-based jobs.
- Part-time contracts: Entitle employees to the same basic rights as full-time staff.
- Probationary contracts: Can last up to 2 months, or 4 months with a union agreement.
Key Details Every Contract Should Include:
- Job title and duties
- Salary and benefits
- Working hours and location
- Termination notice period
- Rights and responsibilities of both parties
3. Working Hours and Overtime: What’s Allowed?
Standard Hours
- The legal maximum is 45 hours per week, typically spread across six days.
- Daily shifts cannot exceed 11 hours.
Overtime
- Overtime must be paid at 150% of the regular hourly wage.
- Alternatively, employees may choose compensatory time off.
- The total overtime cannot exceed 270 hours annually.
4. Wages and Minimum Salary Requirements
- As of 2024, the gross minimum wage is 17,002.12 TRY per month.
- Salaries must be paid in Turkish Lira and directly transferred to the employee’s bank account.
- While bonuses are not mandatory, they can be provided based on company policy or included in the employment agreement.
5. Leave Entitlements: What Employees Can Expect
Annual Paid Leave
- 1–5 years of service: 14 days
- 5–15 years: 20 days
- Over 15 years: 26 days
- Weekends and public holidays do not count toward annual leave.
Maternity & Paternity Leave
- Maternity leave: 16 weeks (8 weeks before and 8 weeks after childbirth), fully paid.
- Paternity leave: 5 days.
- Parental leave: Up to 6 months unpaid, available after maternity leave.
Sick Leave
- Paid sick leave is granted with a valid doctor’s note.
- Temporary disability pay is handled by the Social Security Institution (SGK).
Public Holidays
Employees are entitled to paid time off on official holidays such as:
- National Sovereignty and Children’s Day (April 23)
- Republic Day (October 29)
- Religious holidays like Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha
6. Workplace Health & Safety: Employer Responsibilities
Employers must take steps to create and maintain a safe work environment by:
- Providing safety gear and equipment
- Conducting regular safety training
- Reporting workplace accidents to authorities
Failure to comply can result in serious fines and legal consequences.
7. Employee rights in Turkey / Protection Against Discrimination
Turkish labor law prohibits workplace discrimination based on:
- Gender, age, race, religion, disability, or political beliefs
Employees have the right to:
- Equal pay for equal work
- A harassment-free work environment
- Legal recourse if discrimination occurs
8. The Right to Unionize and Bargain Collectively
Employees in Turkey have the freedom to:
- Join a union of their choice
- Engage in collective bargaining
- Participate in legal strikes under certain conditions
Employers are not allowed to retaliate against employees for union activity.
9. Employee rights in Turkey / Termination and Severance Pay: Know Your Rights
Notice Periods for Termination
The notice period depends on the length of service:
- 0–6 months: 2 weeks
- 6–18 months: 4 weeks
- 18–36 months: 6 weeks
- Over 3 years: 8 weeks
Severance Pay
Employees with at least one year of service are entitled to one month’s gross salary per year worked, paid upon termination (except in cases of just cause).
Protection Against Unjust Dismissal
Employees who believe they were fired without valid reason can file a lawsuit for reinstatement or compensation.
10. Employee rights in Turkey / Social Security and Retirement
All employees in Turkey are automatically registered with the Social Security Institution (SGK), which provides:
- Health insurance
- Retirement pensions
- Disability benefits
- Unemployment insurance
Employers must contribute approximately 22.5% of the employee’s gross salary to social security.
Understanding and respecting employee rights isn’t just a legal obligation—it’s the foundation of a healthy, productive workplace. Turkey’s labor laws offer robust protections that benefit both employers and employees when followed properly. Staying informed about legal updates and maintaining open, honest communication within your team can help prevent disputes and promote a strong company culture.
For employers, ensuring compliance helps build trust and retain top talent. For employees, knowing your rights means you can advocate for fair treatment and security in your career.